What is hypothyroidism?

25-05-2018

Thyroid dysfunction, also known as hypothyroidism, occurs in the inadequate production of thyroid hormone – thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Symptoms of the disease may be very diverse, due to the fact that thyroid hormones act on virtually every organ system. The lack of thyroid hormones slows down metabolic processes, deteriorate concentration and performance, and lead to many other health problems (hair loss, weight gain, sexual dysfunction). In the diagnosis of the disease, a thyroid lab, and an ultrasound test help.

What is the thyroid gland and what is its function?

The thyroid gland is an endocrine gland with a mass of 20 to 40 grams, located at both sides of the trachea and the larynx.

It is characteristic of endocrine glands – such as the thyroid gland – that they do not have an external tube, so its hormones are directly delivered to the circulation, usually works away from the gland. The organ produces the following thyroid hormones (thyroxine and triiodothyronine).

Thyroid hormones increase the heat production of the body and the absorption of glucose from the blood is more rapid. Their other beneficial effect is that carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism are also stimulated. This means that while fat stores break down in order to mobilize them, the free fat content of the plasma increases to meet the energy needs.

Thyroid hormones, beyond the mentioned benefits, are indispensable for normal sexual function and for the proper development of the nervous system and bones.

What are the causes of hypothyroidism?

Inadequate production of thyroid hormones is mostly caused by the deficiency of iodine. The thyroid gland needs hormones to produce iodine. If the amount of iodine introduced into the body is not sufficient, the risk of developing the disease is greatly increased. Hypothyroidism may also be induced by an earlier treatment as a consequence of taking hormone-containing drugs or as an autoimmune process.

What symptoms may indicate hypothyroidism?

discomfort, fatigue
insomnia
irritability
concentration disturbances, decrease in performance
constipation
skin dryness
hair loss
weight gain with normal lifestyle and nutrition
abortion
decreased sexual desire, menstrual disorders

How is hypothyroidism diagnosed?

The symptoms can often occur in themselves without the presence of the disease, it is recommended to visit a specialist and to test the functioning of the thyroid gland.